Knee arthroplasty, also called knee arthroplasty or total knee replacement TKR, is a surgical procedure to reconstruct knees affected or damaged by arthritis. In a simple summary, implants with metal and plastic pieces are used to cover the bones that form the knee joint.

This procedure is required for patients with severe knee injuries or arthritis. There are several types of arthritis that can affect the knee joint. Osteoarthritis, which can cause the breakdown of articular cartilage and adjacent bone in the knees, affects middle-aged and older adults and is a degenerative joint disease. Rheumatoid arthritis produces inflammation in the synovial membrane and generates excess synovial fluid, producing pain and stiffness. Traumatic arthritis, due to injury, can cause damage to the knee cartilage.

The goal of knee replacement surgery is to relieve knee pain by reconstructing the parts of the knee joint that have been damaged.

Osteoarthritis is one of the conditions that commonly requires TKR as a treatment because it is characterized by the degradation of articular cartilage. Pain is caused by cartilage damage and limited bone movement. People with severe degenerative joint disease may be unable to perform routine or normal activities such as walking or climbing stairs because they are painful and require bending the knee. An unstable joint may cause the knee to swell or "give way".

Other forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and arthritis resulting from knee injury, can also cause degeneration of the knee joint. In addition, fractures, torn cartilage and/or torn ligaments have the potential to cause irreversible damage to the knee joint.

A total knee replacement will never be the first choice for any condition. The above conditions will always be treated with medication, but in those cases where these medical treatments are not satisfactory, knee replacement surgery is an effective treatment.

As with any surgical procedure, complications can occur. Possible complications may include, but are not limited to, the following

Bleeding

Blood clots in the legs or lungs

Fracture

Loosening or wearing of the prosthesis

Infection

Ongoing pain or stiffness

The knee prosthesis may loosen, come loose, or not function as intended. The joint may need to be replaced in the future.

Nerves or blood vessels in the operated area may be damaged, causing weakness or numbness. Joint pain may not be relieved by surgery.

Another risk is your own health condition, always evaluate with your doctor your previous, chronic conditions and past events.

In most cases, knee replacements can last 15 years or more. Providing the benefits of pain relief, improved mobility and overall quality of life for the patient.

Recovery is vital, not complying with the recommendations increases the probability of problems in the prosthesis. Before 3 weeks after the operation, complete rest is required. Between three and six weeks, daily activities such as housework or shopping can be resumed with care. To be able to drive, you must first be able to bend your knee sufficiently to enter the vehicle, as well as be mobile and steady enough to operate the brakes, clutch and accelerator. It is also possible to drive at about three weeks if you can bend your knee enough to sit in a car, if you have enough muscle control to operate the brakes and accelerator and if you are not still taking narcotic painkillers.

After recovery, you can engage in a variety of low-impact activities, such as walking, swimming, golfing or bicycling. But you should avoid higher-impact activities, such as jogging, skiing, tennis and sports involving contact or jumping. Talk to your doctor about your limitations.

Having a knee replacement is always an important decision.

You should always discuss with your doctor that this surgery is the best option for your condition, most often when the pain is no longer bearable and less invasive treatments have failed. Also consider the possible risks involved, who will help you while you rehabilitate and heal, and much more. And for a large majority the cost of the knee replacement is a very important variable in the decision.

Studies published online show that the average total cost of a knee arthroplasty in the United States in 2021 is between $35,000 and $55,000. What is confusing is knowing for sure what that price includes.

In many cases, some insurers may bundle the costs of surgery and postoperative rehabilitation. But they are just as likely to generate out-of-pocket expenses for medications, pre- or post-surgery studies.

Knee replacement surgery can be associated with some discomfort and pain during the recovery period, but proper pain management techniques are employed to minimize it.

The duration of knee replacement surgery typically ranges from 1 to 2 hours, depending on the complexity of the case.

The recovery time for knee replacement surgery varies for each individual, but it generally takes several weeks to a few months to regain full function and resume normal activities.

The cost of knee replacement surgery in Costa Rica can vary depending on several factors, such as the hospital, surgeon, and specific treatment required. It is recommended to consult with healthcare providers or obtain quotes for accurate pricing information.

Knee replacement implants used are generally considered safe and of high quality. They undergo rigorous testing and adhere to international standards to ensure patient safety.

Our knee replacement surgeons have extensive qualifications and experience in orthopedic surgery, specializing in knee replacements. They hold relevant medical degrees and have performed numerous successful knee replacement procedures.

Physical therapy is typically recommended after knee replacement surgery to aid in the recovery process, restore mobility, and strengthen the knee. It plays a crucial role in achieving optimal outcomes.

While knee replacement surgery is generally safe, like any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications. These can include infection, blood clots, implant failure, stiffness, and nerve damage. Your surgeon will discuss these risks with you and take the necessary precautions.

It is advisable to avoid immediate travel after knee replacement surgery to allow for proper healing and reduce the risk of complications. Your surgeon will provide specific guidelines on when it is safe to travel based on your individual circumstances.

The timeframe for returning to regular activities after knee replacement surgery varies for each person. It can range from a few weeks to several months, depending on factors like the individual's overall health, adherence to rehabilitation protocols, and the nature of their activities. Your surgeon will provide guidance on gradually resuming your regular activities.